Swann's 1922 synopsis grouped all the kites together with the "cuckoo-falcons" and honey buzzards into a large Milvinæ subfamily. Vieillot and others to place this bird near the Kites", he wrote that the strong affinity in characteristics and manners warranted it to be placed closer to the falcons. Though noting that "the wings are of considerable length, extending far beyond the tail, a character which has induced M. Vieillot" and "the Mississippi Kite of Mr. Vigors placed Ictinia – "the Milan Cresserelle of M. The fourth primary feather is the longest, leg scales are scutellated, and the exterior toe is united to the middle toe by a membrane. Milvus contained the familiar red and black kites. : 333 A year later, he established a separate genus Nauclerus for the scissor- and swallow-tailed kites. But Vigors noted that only the black-winged kite had rounded undersides on the nails of its talons, a trait found in the osprey but not in any other raptors, and thus suggested a separation of Elanus into two sections. The pattern of scales on the legs (acrotarsi) is reticulated, and the toes are separated. These species all have pointed wings with the second primary the longest. In Elanus, he grouped the black-winged kite (now several Elanus spp.), scissor-tailed kite (now Chelictinia), and swallow-tailed kite (now Elanoides). He characterized the kites as having weaker bill and feebler talons than the buzzards, tail more or less forked, and wings longer than the tail. In 1824, Vigors proposed five divisions or stirpes of the family Falconidae: Aquilina (eagles), Accipitrina (hawks), Falconina (falcons), Buteonina (buzzards) and Milvina (kites, containing two genera Elanus and Milvus).
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